Which Degree Should I Pursue Cyber Security or Computer Engineering

The demand for cybersecurity professionals continues to rise, with a 35% projected job growth from 2021 to 2031. However, in 2024, organizations are experiencing budget cuts and hiring freezes, which have slightly slowed workforce growth, although the skills gap remains a critical challenge. 

This gap, particularly in AI and cloud security, will likely persist beyond 2024 as cybersecurity needs become more specialized.​

However, two career paths stand out for their immense impact and growing demand: Cybersecurity or Computer Engineering. Both fields offer exciting challenges, significant earning potential, and the opportunity to shape the future of technology. 

Yet, the question of which degree should I pursue cyber security or computer engineering still persists. Choosing between these two disciplines can be daunting. 

Should you pursue a degree in Cybersecurity to safeguard sensitive data or opt for Computer Engineering to design and develop cutting-edge systems?

This article will explore both fields’ key differences, similarities, and long-term prospects. By the end, you’ll better understand which degree aligns best with your skills, interests, and career aspirations.

Which Degree Should I Pursue Cyber Security or Computer Engineering: Comparison Table

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Which Degree Should I Pursue Cyber Security or Computer Engineering

When choosing between Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering, it’s important to first understand what each field entails and how they differ.

Cybersecurity: 

Cybersecurity focuses on protecting computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. As the world becomes more connected, the role of cybersecurity professionals has grown exponentially. These experts are responsible for ensuring the safety of sensitive information, detecting potential vulnerabilities, and responding to security breaches. 

Their work ranges from performing penetration testing to developing security policies that keep organizations’ digital assets secure.

Cybersecurity specialists are often involved in incident response, threat hunting, and implementing technologies to prevent malware and phishing attacks. The stakes in cybersecurity are high, as a single breach can cost companies millions of dollars, not to mention the loss of reputation.

Computer Engineering: 

On the other hand, Computer Engineering blends hardware and software engineering principles to design, build, and maintain computer systems. While cybersecurity focuses on protecting existing systems, computer engineers create the systems themselves. 

This field covers everything from developing embedded systems and microprocessors to designing complex computing infrastructures.

Computer engineers play a crucial role in advancing technology by developing innovative solutions that push the boundaries of what computers and devices can do. They might work on projects related to artificial intelligence, robotics, or the Internet of Things (IoT), ensuring that hardware and software work seamlessly together.

Education Requirements: Cybersecurity vs. Computer Engineering

When deciding between a degree in Cybersecurity or Computer Engineering, it’s essential to consider the education pathways for each field. Both fields require a strong foundation in computer science, but the specific courses and focus areas differ.

Cybersecurity Education: 

Most cybersecurity positions require at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field such as Information Security, Computer Science, or Information Technology. Students in cybersecurity programs study subjects like cryptography, network security, penetration testing, and threat detection. 

As cyber threats evolve, professionals in this field must stay up-to-date with the latest attack vectors and defense strategies.

In addition to degree programs, certifications play a significant role in the cybersecurity field. Certifications like the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) are highly valued and can enhance job prospects. 

Some roles, especially in government or defense, may even require these certifications.

Computer Engineering Education: 

A Computer Engineering degree typically requires hardware and software development coursework. Students learn about circuit design, embedded systems, microprocessors, and programming. Degrees in Computer Engineering often focus on understanding how to design and build systems that combine hardware and software, making it a versatile field.

Computer engineering programs also place heavy emphasis on mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering principles. Graduates are well-prepared to tackle complex computing problems, whether it’s building a more efficient processor or creating a reliable embedded system for use in devices like smartphones or autonomous vehicles.

SEE MORE: Computer Science Vs Software Engineering Vs Cybersecurity

What is Harder: Computer Science or Cybersecurity? 

The difficulty level of each program can vary depending on individual strengths. Cybersecurity programs require deep analytical skills, a constant readiness to learn new techniques, and the ability to handle high-pressure situations. 

Computer Engineering, on the other hand, is more technical and mathematically driven, involving a detailed understanding of both software and hardware.

Students who enjoy problem-solving in security may find cybersecurity challenging but rewarding. Those who prefer technical development with a strong focus on engineering and hardware might find Computer Engineering a better fit.

Skills and Knowledge Needed in Each Field

The skill sets required for Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering share some similarities, but each field has its own specialized demands. Let’s break down the essential skills for both.

Skills for Cybersecurity:

1. Programming Knowledge – Cybersecurity professionals need a solid understanding of programming languages like Python, Java, and C++. This allows them to write scripts to automate tasks, identify vulnerabilities, and respond to threats.
2. Network Security – A deep knowledge of how networks operate, including TCP/IP, DNS, and encryption, is crucial. Cybersecurity experts need to monitor and protect network traffic from breaches and unauthorized access.
3. Problem-Solving and Analytical Thinking – Cybersecurity requires the ability to analyze potential threats, think critically about security breaches, and find innovative solutions to prevent attacks. This involves ethical hacking, penetration testing, and incident response.
4. Compliance and Regulatory Knowledge – Cybersecurity professionals often work within strict regulatory frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or HIPAA. Understanding these regulations is vital for keeping organizations compliant and avoiding costly legal issues.
5. Security Tools and Technologies – Familiarity with tools like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and security incident and event management (SIEM) tools is key for identifying and mitigating threats. Cybersecurity professionals must also stay current with the latest security trends.

Skills for Computer Engineering:

1. Programming and Coding – Just like cybersecurity, computer engineering demands a strong foundation in coding. Languages like C++, Java, Python, and Assembly are frequently used to develop hardware-integrated software systems.
2. System Design and Architecture – Computer engineers must be adept at designing systems that integrate both hardware and software. They need to know how to create circuits, embedded systems, and the physical components of computing devices.
3. Mathematics and Physics – Computer Engineering is a highly technical field that requires advanced knowledge of mathematics and physics, especially when designing hardware components or working on microprocessors.
4. Problem-Solving and Innovation – Computer engineers need to think creatively when developing new systems or improving existing ones. Whether it’s optimizing performance or creating new hardware, this field demands a balance of analytical and creative skills.
5. Hardware and Software Integration – A key focus of computer engineering is ensuring that hardware and software work together seamlessly. Engineers need to understand both areas thoroughly to design systems that are efficient, effective, and scalable.

Overlap in Skills: Both fields require knowledge of programming languages like Python and C++, as well as strong problem-solving capabilities. However, the goal of these skills differs: Cybersecurity professionals use them to protect and defend systems, while computer engineers apply them to build and improve computing infrastructure.

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Job Roles and Career Paths: Cybersecurity vs. Computer Engineering

The job opportunities in Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering are vast, with each field offering a range of specialized roles. Here’s a look at the typical career paths you might explore depending on your degree.

Cybersecurity Job Roles:

1. Cybersecurity Analyst – As one of the most common entry-level roles, cybersecurity analysts monitor networks for potential security breaches, analyze threats, and implement security measures to protect sensitive data. They often work closely with IT teams to ensure robust security protocols are in place.
2. Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker) – Pen testers simulate cyberattacks to identify vulnerabilities within an organization’s systems. This role involves advanced knowledge of network security and hacking techniques, often requiring certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH).
3. Information Security Manager – This managerial role involves overseeing an organization’s overall cybersecurity strategy, managing a team of cybersecurity professionals, and ensuring that security policies are up-to-date and effective.
4. Incident Responder – Also known as a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) member, this role focuses on reacting to security breaches and minimizing damage. Incident responders play a critical role in disaster recovery and forensic analysis after an attack.

Computer Engineering Job Roles:

1. Systems Engineer – Systems engineers design and maintain the architecture of integrated hardware and software systems. They are responsible for ensuring that systems are reliable, scalable, and secure, often working on infrastructure for telecommunications, defense, or consumer electronics.
2. Embedded Systems Engineer – This role focuses on designing and developing embedded systems, which are integrated into devices such as smartphones, medical devices, or automotive control systems. Engineers must be familiar with both hardware and software.
3. Software Developer – Although typically associated with Computer Science, many computer engineers work as software developers, particularly those with a focus on low-level programming and system-level software. Developers design and test applications to meet user needs.
4. Hardware Engineer – Hardware engineers work on designing and developing physical components of computer systems, such as circuit boards, processors, and memory devices. Their job involves close collaboration with software developers to ensure seamless hardware-software interaction.

Cybersecurity vs Software Engineering Which is Better? 

Both fields are in demand, and the answer to which is better depends largely on your interests. If you are passionate about security, risk management, and protecting data, then cybersecurity may be the better choice. If you enjoy creating and developing systems from scratch, then computer engineering, with its focus on both hardware and software, could be a better fit.

Which Field Offers More Career Variety? 

Cybersecurity tends to focus specifically on protecting systems, so its roles often revolve around defense and risk management. 

On the other hand, Computer Engineering offers a wider variety of roles, including opportunities in software development, hardware design, and systems architecture. However, both fields offer paths to high-level, well-paying positions with strong growth potential.

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Salary Comparison: Cybersecurity vs. Computer Engineering

When deciding between a degree in Cybersecurity or Computer Engineering, salary prospects are an important consideration. Both fields offer competitive wages, but there are key differences depending on the role, location, and experience level.

Cybersecurity Salary: 

The average annual salary for a cybersecurity professional in the U.S. is approximately $102,600, according to the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Entry-level positions, such as Cybersecurity Analysts, can expect starting salaries between $55,000 and $75,000, while more experienced roles, such as Information Security Managers, can command salaries upward of $130,000.

Factors influencing cybersecurity salaries include:

• Certifications – Certifications such as CISSP, CEH, and CISM often lead to higher pay and career advancement.
• Industry – Government, finance, and healthcare sectors tend to offer higher salaries due to the sensitive nature of the data they handle.
• Location – High-demand states such as California, Texas, and New York offer the most lucrative opportunities.

Computer Engineering Salary: 

The average salary for a computer engineer is slightly higher, sitting at around $120,730 annually. Entry-level Systems Engineers or Embedded Systems Engineers can expect starting salaries between $60,000 and $80,000, with experienced professionals, such as Hardware Engineers, earning as much as $150,000 or more.

Factors influencing computer engineering salaries include:

• Specialization – Niche roles like Embedded Systems Engineers or AI Engineers tend to offer higher pay due to the specialized knowledge required.
• Industry – Fields like tech, telecommunications, and defense typically offer the highest salaries for computer engineers.
• Location – States like California, home to Silicon Valley, often provide the highest salaries with significant opportunities for advancement.

Software Engineering vs Cybersecurity Salary Comparison: 

While software engineering, often related to computer engineering, tends to offer higher average salaries in certain industries, the salary gap between software engineers and cybersecurity professionals narrows at the senior level. 

Mid-career professionals in both fields can expect salaries ranging between $100,000 and $150,000, depending on their expertise, with location and certifications playing a major role in determining final compensation.

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Cybersecurity vs Computer Engineering

Both Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering are rapidly growing fields with a bright future, but their trajectories differ based on technological trends and industry needs.

Cybersecurity Job Growth: 

Cybersecurity is one of the fastest-growing fields in technology. With the increasing number of cyberattacks and data breaches, businesses and governments are heavily investing in cybersecurity measures. 

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in cybersecurity are expected to grow by 35% from 2021 to 2031, which is much faster than the average for all occupations.

This growth is driven by several factors:

• Increased Digitalization – As more businesses move their operations online, securing digital assets becomes a top priority.
• Regulatory Demands – New regulations around data privacy and protection, such as GDPR, create additional demand for cybersecurity professionals.
• Emerging Technologies – As IoT, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) grow in usage, the need for cybersecurity specialists with knowledge in these areas also increases.

Computer Engineering Job Growth: 

Computer Engineering is also experiencing robust growth, with jobs projected to increase by 5-10% over the next decade. While the growth rate may not be as high as in cybersecurity, computer engineers are still in high demand, especially in sectors like:

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning – As AI becomes more integrated into industries, computer engineers are essential for developing and maintaining the hardware and software that power these technologies.
• IoT and Smart Devices – The Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced a wave of innovation in smart homes, healthcare, and industrial automation, requiring engineers to design systems that can support these advanced technologies.
• Semiconductor and Hardware Development – With advancements in processors, memory, and storage, computer engineers are at the forefront of building more powerful and efficient devices.

Which Field Has a Better Future? While both fields have a strong outlook, cybersecurity currently has a higher projected growth rate due to the critical need to protect data and systems in an increasingly connected world. 

However, computer engineering offers broader applications across various industries, including AI, IoT, and robotics, which makes it a versatile degree with long-term potential.

The decision between the two fields ultimately depends on your interests:

• If you are passionate about defending systems, managing risk, and responding to security threats, cybersecurity has an excellent future with ample job opportunities.
• If you prefer building, designing, and innovating in areas like hardware, embedded systems, or AI, computer engineering offers a future that promises continued relevance as technology evolves.

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College Programs and Certifications

When choosing between a degree in Cybersecurity or Computer Engineering, the quality of your education is critical to long-term success. Both fields offer excellent programs at top universities, but they also differ in the certifications and specific training required to advance your career.

Cybersecurity College Programs: 

Cybersecurity programs focus heavily on areas such as network security, cryptography, and information assurance. Many universities offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees specifically tailored to cybersecurity, providing students with the knowledge needed to defend digital infrastructures.

Some of the top U.S. universities for cybersecurity include:

• Carnegie Mellon University – Known for its rigorous cybersecurity curriculum, Carnegie Mellon offers a Master’s in Information Security that includes coursework in network defense, forensics, and malware analysis.
• University of California, Berkeley – UC Berkeley’s Master of Information and Cybersecurity program offers a comprehensive look into data privacy, cryptography, and secure software development.
• Georgia Institute of Technology – Georgia Tech offers a highly regarded cybersecurity program with a focus on hands-on learning and internships.

In addition to formal education, certifications play a crucial role in advancing a cybersecurity career. Some of the most sought-after certifications include:

• Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) – This is one of the most respected certifications in the cybersecurity field and is essential for senior-level roles.
• Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) – This certification focuses on penetration testing and simulating cyberattacks.
• Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) – Focused on management and governance, this certification is valuable for those aiming for leadership roles in cybersecurity.

Computer Engineering College Programs: 

Computer Engineering degrees offer a broader focus, combining coursework in both hardware and software design. This field often requires students to learn about subjects such as microprocessors, embedded systems, and circuit design. Leading universities for computer engineering include:

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – MIT’s Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department offers one of the most prestigious computer engineering programs in the world.
• Stanford University – Known for its cutting-edge research and innovation, Stanford’s program covers everything from AI to semiconductor physics.
• University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign – With a strong emphasis on hardware and software integration, this program offers numerous research opportunities in areas like robotics and IoT.

Certifications, while not as critical in computer engineering as they are in cybersecurity, can still be beneficial, especially for specific job roles. Some common certifications include:

• Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) – This certification is valuable for engineers who work on networking hardware.
• Microsoft Azure and AWS Certifications – As cloud computing becomes more important, these certifications can enhance a computer engineer’s job prospects, especially in cloud-based infrastructure roles.

Cybersecurity vs. Computer Engineering: College and Certification Requirements Choosing the right educational pathway depends on where you see yourself in the tech landscape. Cybersecurity students will benefit from both academic degrees and certifications to stay competitive, especially with the growing threat landscape. 

Meanwhile, computer engineering students will rely more on their university training, though certifications in areas like networking and cloud computing can be an advantage.

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Career Challenges: Cybersecurity vs. Computer Engineering

Both Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering present their own set of challenges, which can impact how professionals navigate their careers. Understanding these challenges is crucial when choosing between the two fields.

Challenges in Cybersecurity:

1. Constantly Increasing Threat – Cybersecurity professionals must stay vigilant and up-to-date with the latest threats. New vulnerabilities and attack vectors emerge regularly, making it necessary to continually learn and adapt. This can be a high-pressure environment, where even a minor oversight could lead to serious breaches and financial losses for an organization.
2. Stress and High Stakes – Cybersecurity experts are often the first line of defense against cyberattacks. The need to respond quickly to incidents, coupled with the pressure of protecting sensitive data, can lead to high-stress levels. Incident response teams, in particular, may work long hours during a security crisis.
3. Maintaining Compliance and Regulation Standards – Cybersecurity professionals are responsible for ensuring that organizations comply with various regulatory frameworks, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS. Navigating these regulations can be complex, and failure to comply can lead to heavy fines and reputational damage.
4. Skill Gaps – Cybersecurity is a broad field that encompasses everything from network security to ethical hacking and governance. This means professionals need to have a diverse set of skills, and gaps in knowledge can be a challenge, especially as more companies seek specialized expertise.

Challenges in Computer Engineering:

1. Balancing Hardware and Software – Computer engineers need to have a deep understanding of both hardware and software components. This dual expertise can make the work more demanding, particularly when creating systems that require seamless hardware-software integration. Understanding how to optimize both aspects can be a complex task.
2. Rapid Technological Advancements – Like cybersecurity, computer engineering is impacted by rapid technological advancements. Engineers must constantly update their knowledge in areas like AI, IoT, and quantum computing to stay relevant. Keeping pace with innovations in both hardware and software can be a challenge, especially in competitive industries like consumer electronics and telecommunications.
3. Complex Problem Solving – Computer engineers are often tasked with solving highly technical problems, such as optimizing processor performance or designing more efficient embedded systems. These challenges require advanced technical knowledge, creativity, and an ability to work under pressure.
4. Collaboration Across Disciplines – Computer engineers frequently work with other professionals, including software developers, data scientists, and even cybersecurity experts. While collaboration can lead to innovation, it also requires strong communication skills and the ability to translate technical concepts for non-experts, which can be challenging.

Comparing Stress Levels and Workload: Cybersecurity roles often come with more immediate pressure due to the urgency of addressing potential attacks, while computer engineering tends to focus on long-term projects that require extensive research and development. 

Both fields demand critical thinking and problem-solving skills, but cybersecurity can feel more reactive, whereas computer engineering is often more methodical and project-based.

Conclusion

Choosing between a degree in Cybersecurity and Computer Engineering ultimately depends on your personal interests, career goals, and strengths. Both fields offer excellent job prospects, competitive salaries, and exciting challenges, but the path you choose should align with what excites and motivates you most.

If you are passionate about:

• Protecting data and systems from malicious attacks
• Continuously learning about evolving threats and how to mitigate them
• Working in a fast-paced, high-stakes environment where your actions directly impact an organization’s safety and reputation

Then Cybersecurity might be the right choice for you. Cybersecurity professionals are essential in today’s digital world, and with the rise in cyber threats, the demand for skilled professionals is only going to grow. Plus, cybersecurity offers excellent career growth opportunities, especially for those with certifications in specialized areas.

On the other hand, if you enjoy:

• Designing and developing systems that blend hardware and software
• Tackling complex technical problems and creating innovative computing solutions
• Working on cutting-edge technologies in fields like AI, IoT, or embedded systems

Computer Engineering could be your ideal path. Computer engineers play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology, and their work is integral to advancements in everything from consumer electronics to robotics and telecommunications. This field offers versatility and a wide range of industries to work in, along with competitive salaries and long-term career growth.

Both fields offer exciting, rewarding careers. The decision comes down to whether you’re more interested in defense and security or innovation and development.

FAQ

If you’re ready to take the next step in your cybersecurity journey? You can do that with an expert beside you to guide you through without having to stress much. Schedule a one-on-one consultation with Tolulope Michael, a cybersecurity professional with over a decade of field experience. This will allow you to gain personalized insights and guidance tailored to your career goals.
Visit tolumichael.com now to book your session. This is your opportunity to embark on your cybersecurity career with confidence. Don’t miss out!